Apa itu Forex?
Foreign Exchange (forex) atau dikenal sebagai valuta asing (valas) merupakan salah satu pilihan investasi yang berkembang di Indonesia saat ini. Forex Trading adalah transaksi perdagangan nilai tukar mata uang asing di pasar uang internasional. Pasar forex merupakan pasar uang terbesar di dunia.Yang melakukan transaksi di pasar forex adalah: pemerintah-pemerintah di dunia, bank-bank utama dunia, perusahaan bertaraf internasional, hedge fund, spekulan valas maupun individu. Sehingga dengan banyaknya pemain di pasar forex ini menyebabkan perputaran uang menjadi sangat cepat. Transaksi yang terjadi lebih dari 1,9 triliun US dollar setiap hari sehingga membuat uang dapat berpindah tangan dari satu tempat ke tempat lain hanya dalam beberapa detik.
Seperti halnya bursa saham para pemain forex dapat melakukan trading dengan menggunakan jasa perusahaan pialang (commision house) atau melakukannya sendiri secara online melalui internet.
Perdagangan forex memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dengan perdagangan produk-produk keuangan lain seperti perdagangan saham, yaitu:
24 Hours Trading
Dapat dilakukan 24 jam sehari, 5 hari seminggu, kapan dan dimanapun kita berada.
Likuiditas
Sangat likuid dengan banyaknya broker/dealer yang bermain dalam pasar forex.
Rendahnya biaya transaksi
Komisi broker relatif kecil, bahkan untuk trading online melalui internet tidak ada biaya transaksi namun hanya dikenakan biaya yang jumlahnya beragam. Selain itu spreadnya juga kecil.
Potensi keuntungan 2 arah (naik maupun turun)
Memiliki potensi keuntungan baik pada mata uang yang menguat maupun pada mata uang yang melemah.
Margin Trading
Perdagangan dengan margin membuat daya beli investor melebihi jumlah modal yang dimiliki.
Foreign exchange market
The foreign exchange market (forex, FX, or currency market) is a global decentralized market for the trading of currencies. The main participants in this market are the larger international banks. Financial centers around the world function as anchors of trading between a wide range of different types of buyers and sellers around the clock, with the exception of weekends. Electronic Broking Services (EBS) and Reuters 3000 Xtra are two main interbank FX trading platforms. The foreign exchange market determines the relative values of different currencies.[1]
The foreign exchange market works through financial institutions, and it operates on several levels. Behind the scenes banks turn to a smaller number of financial firms known as “dealers,” who are actively involved in large quantities of foreign exchange trading. Most foreign exchange dealers are banks, so this behind-the-scenes market is sometimes called the “interbank market”, although a few insurance companies and other kinds of financial firms are involved. Trades between foreign exchange dealers can be very large, involving hundreds of millions of dollars.[citation needed] Because of the sovereignty issue when involving two currencies, Forex has little (if any) supervisory entity regulating its actions.
The foreign exchange market assists international trade and investment by enabling currency conversion. For example, it permits a business in the United States to import goods from the European Union member states, especially Eurozone members, and pay euros, even though its income is in United States dollars. It also supports direct speculation in the value of currencies, and the carry trade, speculation based on the interest rate differential between two currencies.[2]
In a typical foreign exchange transaction, a party purchases some quantity of one currency by paying some quantity of another currency. The modern foreign exchange market began forming during the 1970s after three decades of government restrictions on foreign exchange transactions (the Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states after World War II), when countries gradually switched to floating exchange rates from the previous exchange rate regime, which remained fixed as per the Bretton Woods system.
The foreign exchange market is unique because of the following characteristics:
- its huge trading volume representing the largest asset class in the world leading to high liquidity;
- its geographical dispersion;
- its continuous operation: 24 hours a day except weekends, i.e., trading from 22:00 GMT on Sunday (Sydney) until 22:00 GMT Friday (New York);
- the variety of factors that affect exchange rates;
- the low margins of relative profit compared with other markets of fixed income; and
- the use of leverage to enhance profit and loss margins and with respect to account size.
According to the Bank for International Settlements,[3] the preliminary global results from the 2013 Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and OTC Derivatives Markets Activity show that trading in foreign exchange markets averaged $5.3 trillion per day in April 2013. This is up from $4.0 trillion in April 2010 and $3.3 trillion in April 2007. FX swaps were the most actively traded instruments in April 2013, at $2.2 trillion per day, followed by spot trading at $2.0 trillion.
According to the Bank for International Settlements,[4] as of April 2010, average daily turnover in global foreign exchange markets is estimated at $3.98 trillion, a growth of approximately 20% over the $3.21 trillion daily volume as of April 2007. Some firms specializing on foreign exchange market had put the average daily turnover in excess of US$4 trillion.[5]
The $3.98 trillion break-down is as follows:
- $1.490 trillion in spot transactions
- $475 billion in outright forwards
- $1.765 trillion in foreign exchange swaps
- $43 billion currency swaps
Sumber: Wikipedia
